Single Phase Half Bridge Inverter - Resistive Load

Inverter

Dc-to-Ac converters are known as inverters. Here we study about Single-Phase Bridge type Inverter. It is a type of voltage source inverter. If the dc input is a voltage source, then the inverter is called Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). In case of voltage–source inverter (VSI) dc source has small or negligible impedance and voltage at the input terminals is constant.

Inverters can be classified into two types such as single-phase inverters and three phase inverters

Basic applications of Inverters are

UPS (uninterruptible power supply).
Speed control of AC motor.
In Power transmission industry like reactive power controllers and adaptive power filters.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INVERTERS: VSI VS CSI

Classification Of Inverter

SINGLE-PHASE BRIDGE-TYPE INVERTERS

We know that, in case of parallel inverter has disadvantages that it uses heavy transformer to carry the load current. Also, in the parallel capacitor inverter large amount of energy is trapped in the commutating capacitor which is need to be removed with additional circuit components. These disadvantages are overcome by using bridge-type inverter which eliminates the need of the magnetic components such as the center-tap transformer or large capacitor. Only semiconductor components are used in this type of inverter.

Single Phase Half Bridge Inverter Resistive load

This type of inverter is very simple in construction. Half bridge inverter circuit bassically consist of two thyristors T1 & T2 and two feedback diode D1 & D2, each diode is connected in anti-parallel with each thyristor and three wire DC source that provide balance DC voltage at source.

The basic configuration of this inverter is shown in figure given below:

**Single Phase Bridge Inverter with Resistive load**

In single phase inverter instead of thyristor here we use any other power semiconductor switching device like IGBT, Power MOSFET etc.

Here assumed that, each thyristor conducts for the duration its gate signal is present and is turned off when this signal is removed. The gate signal for thyristor T1 and thyristor T2 are ig1 and ig2 respectively.

Load R_L is connected between point A and B. Point A is always considered as +ve w.r.t point B. If the current flow in this direction we assume that current is +ve. Similarly, if current from B to A the current is considered -ve.

What is the purpose of diodes in Half Bridge Inverter circuit?

In half bridge inverter circuit if the load is purely resistive, there is no need to connect diode D1 & D2 in a circuit because in case of resistive load both output voltage and current are always in phase with each other.

But if loads are not a purely resistive load, then the output current (io) will not be in phase with the output voltage (Vo). In such case, the diodes D1 & D2 connected in anti-parallel with the thyristors T1 & T2 respectively. This will allow the flow of current when main thyristor is turned off. These diodes (D1 & D2) are called feedback diode. Because when these diode conducts, the energy is fed back to the DC source.

Operation of Half Bridge Inverter:

The operation of Half Bridge Inverter is divided into two modes.

Mode I: 0 < t < T/2
Mode II: T/2 < t < T

Mode I: 0 < t < T/2 (Thyristor T1 is ON and T2 is OFF)

At this time interval we give gate signal to thyristor T1, So T1 get turned on and current flow in upper half circuit and flow the path

So, the direction of output current is +ve and output voltage is also +ve because point A is +ve w.r.t point B.

Applying KVL,

Vs/2 – V0=0

The magnitude of output voltage Vo = Vs/2.

The magnitude of output current Io = Vo/R = Vs/2R.

Now we draw the waveform for mode I.

Mode II: T/2 < t < T (Thyristor T1 is OFF and T2 is ON)

Now, at time instant t=T/2, gate signal is removed from T1 and it turns-off. For the next half- time period we give gate signal to thyristor T2, So T2 get turned on and current flow in lower half circuit and flow the path

So, the direction of output current across load is -ve and output voltage is also +ve because point B is +ve w.r.t point A.

Applying KVL,

Vs/2 + V0=0

The magnitude of output voltage Vo = -Vs/2.

The magnitude of output current Io = Vo/R

= -Vs/2R.

Now we draw the waveform for mode II.

Thus, thyristors T1, T2 conduct alternately, for each half-time period, a square-wave AC voltage is obtained at the output. For pure resistive load, output current and output voltage waveform is identical. Here diodes D1 and D2 do not play any role.

Analysis Of Half Bridge Inverter Resistive Load

From the waveform of inverter, we can say that, the output voltage waveform is not pure sinewave i.e. a square wave. So, we find out output voltage fundamental component.

The output voltage with the fundamental component is shown in the below figure.